Reference

Structure

  • Draw

    Examples 
    
def draw():
	global yPos
	
	# draw() loops forever. Until stopped
	background(204)
	yPos = yPos-1
	
	if yPos < 0:
		yPos = height()
	
	line(0, yPos, width(), yPos)

yPos = height()

timer(draw)
    Description
    The timer executes the draw() function and the lines of codes inside the function until the program is stopped or noLoop() is called.
    Note: if noLoop() is called in draw(), it will be execute once before stopping. The number of times the timer executes draw could be controlled with the frameRate() function. It is important to note that the drawing coordinate system will be reset at the beginning of each draw() call. If any transformations are performed within draw() (scale, rotate, translate), their effects will be undone at the beginning of draw(), so transformations will not accumulate over time. On the other hand, styling applied (fill, stroke, etc) will remain in effect.

    Syntax
    draw()

  • loop()

    Examples
     
def onMousePressed():
	global go
	
	if go == True:
		noLoop()
	else:
		loop()
	go = not go 
	
def draw():
	global x
	
	background(204)
	x = x + 1
	if x > width(): 
		x = 0
	
	line(x, 0, x, height())  

    
x = 0

timer(draw) 
mousePressed(onMousePressed)
    
go = True
    Description
    The timer executes the draw() function and the lines of codes inside the function. The timer stop to execute when noLoop() is called and continues when loop() will be called.

    Syntax
    loop()

  • noLoop()

    Examples
     
def draw(): 
	noLoop()
	background(200)
	line(10, 10, 90, 90)
	
timer(draw)    

     
def draw():
  global x
  if mouseIsPressed() == True:
      noLoop()

  background(204)
  x = x + 1
  if x > width(): 
    x = 0

  line(x, 0, x, height() )
  
x = 0

timer(draw)
    Description
    The timer executes the draw() function and the lines of codes inside the function until the program is stopped or noLoop() is called. Note: if noLoop() is called in draw() it will be execute once before stopping. When noLoop() is used, it's not possible to manipulate or access the screen inside event handling functions such as mousePressed() or keyPressed(). Instead, use those functions to call loop(), which will run draw(), which can update the screen properly. This means that when noLoop() has been called, no drawing can happen.

    Syntax
    noLoop()

    • Environment

    • Timer

      Examples 
      
def draw():
  global counter
  background(200)
  
  text(counter)
  
  if keyIsPressed() == True:
    NoLoop()
  counter += 1

counter = 0
timer(draw)
      Description
      The timer executes the draw() function and the lines of codes inside the function until the program is stopped or noLoop() is called. The timer acts similar to a loop. Note: if noLoop() is called in draw() it will be execute once before stopping. The number of times the timer executes draw could be controlled with the frameRate() function.

      Syntax
      Timer = "Method"

    • frameRate()

      Examples
       
def draw():
  global x
  background(204)

  x = x + 1
  if x > width(): 
    x = 0

  line(x, 0, x, height())

x = 0
timer(draw)
frameRate(30)
      Description
      Specifies the number of frames to be displayed every second. For example, the function call frameRate(30) will attempt to refresh 30 times a second. If the processor is not fast enough to maintain the specified rate, the frame rate will not be achieved. The default frame rate is based on the frame rate of the display, which is set to 60 frames per second on most computers. A frame rate of 24 frames per second (usual for movies) or above will be enough for smooth animations.

      Syntax
      frameRate(fps)
      frameRate()
      Parameters
      fps: Number of frames to be displayed every second

    • frameCount()

      Examples
       
def draw():
  background(200)
  text(frameCount())

timer(draw)
      Description
      frameCount contains the number of frames that have been displayed since the program started.

      Syntax
      frameCount()

    • millis()

      Examples
       
def output():
  background(204)
  millisecond = millis() 
  
  text("Milliseconds \n running: \n"+ str(millisecond), 5, 40)

timer(output)
      Description
      Returns the number of milliseconds (thousandths of a second) since starting the program. This information is often used for timing events and animation sequences.

      Syntax
      millis()

    • width

      Examples
       
def draw():
  background(200)
  text(f"Width: {width()}\nHeight: {height()}")
  
width(100) 
height(100)

timer(draw)
      Description
      System variable that stores the width of the window.

    • height

      Examples
       
def draw():
  background(200)
  text(f"Width: {width()}\nHeight: {height()}")
  
width(100) 
height(100)

timer(draw)
      Description
      System variable that stores the height of the window.

    • cursor()

      Examples
       
def draw():
  background(204)
  
  widthMid = width() / 2
  heightMid = height() / 2
  
  line(widthMid, 0, widthMid, height())
  line(0, heightMid, width(), heightMid)
  
  if mouseX() < widthMid and mouseY() < heightMid: 
    cursor("Arrow")
  elif mouseX() > widthMid and mouseY() < heightMid:
    cursor("No")
  elif mouseX() > widthMid and mouseY() > heightMid:
    cursor("SizeAll")
  else:
    cursor("UpArrow")
    
timer(draw)
      Description
      Sets the cursor to a predefined symbol.

      Syntax
      cursor("Cursortype")
      Parameters
      type: String|Constant. For example: Arrow, Cross, Hand, IBeam, Wait, Help, None, UpArrow

      • Math

      • random()

        Examples
                  
            
r = random(50, 100)
line(30 + r, 40, 85, r)
        Description
        Return a random floating-point number. If no argument is given, returns a random number from 0 up to (but not including) 1. If one argument is given and it is a number, returns a random number from 0 up to (but not including) the number. If two arguments are given, returns a random number from the first argument up to (but not including) the second argument. If no arguments are give, returns a random number between 0 and 1.

        Syntax
        random(min, max)

        Parameters
        min (optional): Number: the lower bound
        max (optional): Number: the upper bound

      • lerp()

        Examples
                  
            
background(200)
a = 20
b = 80
c = lerp(a, b, 0.2)
d = lerp(a, b, 0.5)
e = lerp(a, b, 0.8)

y = 50
            
strokeWeight(5)
circle(a, y, 5)
circle(b, y, 5)

stroke(100)
circle(c, y, 5)
circle(d, y, 5)
circle(e, y, 5)
        Description
        Calculates a number between two numbers at a specific increment. The amt parameter is the amount to interpolate between the two values where 0.0 equal to the first point, 0.1 is very near the first point, 0.5 is half-way in between, and 1.0 is equal to the second point. If the value of amt is more than 1.0 or less than 0.0, the number will be calculated accordingly in the ratio of the two given numbers. The Lerp function is convenient for creating motion along a straight path and for drawing dotted lines.

        Syntax
        lerp(start, stop, amt);

        Parameters
        start: Number: first value
        stop: Number: second value
        amt: Number: number between first and second

      • dist()

        Examples
                  
            
background(200)
x1 = 20
x2 = 80
y = 50

strokeWeight(5)
circle(x1, y, 5)
circle(x2, y, 5)

d = dist(x1, y, x2, y)
text("Distance: " + str(d))
        Description
        Calculates the distance between two points.

        Syntax
        dist(x1, y1, x2, y2);

        Parameters
        x1: Number: x-coordinate of the first point
        y1: Number: y-coordinate of the first point
        x2: Number: x-coordinate of the second point
        y2: Number: y-coordinate of the second point

        Returns
        Number: distance between the two points

      • hypot()

        Examples
                  
            
background(200)
triangle(20,20, 110,20, 20,100)

x = dist(20, 20, 110, 20)
y = dist(20, 20, 20, 100)

h = hypot(x, y)
text("Hypotenuse Length: " + str(h))
        Description
        Calculates the square root of the sum of the squares of x and y. (Pythagorean addition)

        Syntax
        hypot(first, second);

        Parameters
        first: Number: first value
        second: Number: second value

        Returns
        Number: hypotenuse Length

      • constrain()

        Examples
                  
            
def draw(): 
  background(200)

  leftWall = 25
  rightWall = 75

  # x1 is just the mouseX, while
  # x2 is the mouseX, but constrained
  # between the leftWall and rightWall!
  x1 = mouseX()
  x2 = constrain(mouseX(), leftWall, rightWall)

  # draw the walls
  stroke(150)
  line(leftWall, 0, leftWall, height())
  line(rightWall, 0, rightWall, height())

  # draw x1 and x2 as circles
  noStroke()
  fill(150)
  ellipse(x1, 33, 9, 9) # not constrained
  fill(0)
  ellipse(x2, 66, 9, 9) # constrained

timer(draw)
        Description
        Constrains a value between a minimum and maximum value.

        Syntax
        constrain(n, low, high);

        Parameters
        n: Number: number to constrain
        low: Number: minimum limit
        high: Number: maximum limit

        Returns
        Number: constrained number

      • map()

        Examples
                  
            
background(200)
value = 23
m = map(value, 20, 80, 0, 100, True)
text(m);  # output: 5
        Description
        Re-maps a number from one range to another. In the first example above, the number 23 is converted from a value in the range of 20 to 80 into a value that ranges from 0 to 100.

        Syntax
        map(value, start1, stop1, start2, stop2, [withinBounds])

        Parameters
        value: Number: the incoming value to be converted
        start1: Number: lower bound of the value's current range
        stop1: Number: upper bound of the value's current range
        start2: Number: lower bound of the value's target range
        stop2: Number: upper bound of the value's target range
        withinBounds: Boolean: constrain the value to the newly mapped range (Optional). If nothing is entered, the standard value of withinBounds is true.

        Returns
        Number: remapped number

      • norm()

        Examples
                  
            
background(200)
value = 30
n = norm(value, 0, 100)
text(n)  # output: 0.3
        Description
        Normalizes a number from another range into a value between 0 and 1. Identical to Map(value, low, high, 0, 1).

        Syntax
        norm(value, start, stop)

        Parameters
        value: Number: incoming value to be normalized
        start: Number: lower bound of the value's current range
        stop: Number: upper bound of the value's current range

        Returns
        Normalized number

      • radians()

        Examples
                  
            
deg = 45.0
rad = radians(deg)
text(f"{deg} degrees is {rad} radians")
        Description
        Converts a degree measurement to its corresponding value in radians. Radians and degrees are two ways of measuring the same thing. There are 360 degrees in a circle and 2*PI radians in a circle. For example, 90° = PI/2 = 1.5707964.

        Syntax
        radians(degrees)

        Parameters
        degrees: Number: the degree value to convert to radians

        Returns
        Number: the converted angle

      • noise()

        Examples
                  
            
def draw():
  global xoff

  background(200)
  xoff = xoff + 0.01
  n = noise(xoff) * width() / 2
  line(n, 0, n, height())
  text(noise(xoff))

xoff = 0.0

timer(draw)
        Description
        Returns the Perlin noise value at specified coordinates. Perlin noise is a random sequence generator producing a more natural, harmonic succession of numbers than that of the standard random() function. It was developed by Ken Perlin in the 1980s and has been used in graphical applications to generate procedural textures, shapes, terrains, and other seemingly organic forms. The main difference to the random() function is that Perlin noise is defined in an infinite n-dimensional space where each pair of coordinates corresponds to a fixed semi-random value. The coder can compute 1D, 2D and 3D noise, depending on the number of coordinates given. The resulting value will always be between 0.0 and 1.0. The noise value can be animated by moving through the noise space as demonstrated in the example above. The 2nd and 3rd dimension can also be interpreted as time.

        Syntax
        noise(x, [y], [z])

        Parameters
        x: Number: x-coordinate in noise space
        y: Number: y-coordinate in noise space (Optional)
        z: Number: z-coordinate in noise space (Optional)

        Returns
        Number: Perlin noise value (between 0 and 1) at specified coordinates

      • PI

        Examples
                  
            
text(PI)
        Description
        PI is a mathematical constant with the value 3.14159265358979323846.

      • TWO_PI

        Examples
                  
            
text(TWO_PI)
        Description
        TWO_PI is a mathematical constant with the value 6.28318530717958647693.

      • HALF_PI

        Examples
                  
            
text(HALF_PI)
        Description
        HALF_PI is a mathematical constant with the value 1.57079632679489661923.

      • QUARTER_PI

        Examples
                  
            
text(QUARTER_PI)
        Description
        QUARTER_PI is a mathematical constant with the value 0.7853982.

    Mouse

    • mouseX

      Examples
              
          
def draw():
  background(200)
  line(mouseX(), 0, mouseX(), height())     

timer(draw)
      Description
      The function mouseX always contains the current horizontal position of the mouse, relative to (0, 0) of the canvas.

      Syntax
      mouseX()

    • mouseY

      Examples
              
          
def draw():
  background(200)
  line(0, mouseY(), width(), mouseY())

timer(draw)
      Description
      The function mouseY always contains the current vertical position of the mouse, relative to (0, 0) of the canvas.

      Syntax
      mouseY

    • mouseIsPressed

      Examples
              
          
def draw(): 
  background(237, 34, 93)
  fill(0)

  if mouseIsPressed() == True:
    ellipse(50, 50, 50, 50)
  else:
    rect(50, 50, 50, 50)

  text("mouseIsPressed: " + str(mouseIsPressed()))

timer(draw)
      Description
      The function mouseIsPressed() returns true if the mouse is pressed and false if not.

      Syntax
      mouseIsPressed()

    • mousePressed

      Examples
              
          
def onMousePressed():
  global value
  
  fill(value)
  rect(25, 25, 50, 50)
            
  if value == 0: 
    value = 255
  else:
    value = 0

mousePressed(onMousePressed)
value = 0
background(200)
      Description
      The mousePressed function is called once after every time a mouse button is pressed. The mouseButton() function (see the related reference entry) can be used to determine which button has been pressed.

      Syntax
      mousePressed()

    • mouseButton()

      Examples
              
          
def draw():
  background(237, 34, 93)
  fill(0)
          
  if mouseButton() == LEFT_BUTTON:
    ellipse(50, 50, 50, 50)

  if mouseButton() == RIGHT_BUTTON:
    rect(50, 50, 50, 50)
          
  if mouseButton() == MIDDLE_BUTTON: 
    triangle(23, 75, 50, 20, 78, 75)
                
  print(mouseButton())

timer(draw)
      Description
      The Coder for Python automatically tracks if the mouse button is pressed and which button is pressed. The return value of the function mouseButton() is either LEFT_BUTTON, RIGHT_BUTTON, MIDDLE_BUTTON or NONE_BUTTON depending on which button was pressed last.

      Syntax
      mouseButton()

    Keyboard

    • keyIsPressed()

      Examples
                
            
            
def draw():
  fill(0)
  if keyIsPressed() == True: 
    fill(255)
  else:
    fill(0)

  square(25, 25, 25)

timer(draw)
      Description
      The functon keyIsPressed() returns true if any key is pressed and false if no keys are pressed.

      Syntax
      keyIsPressed()

    • keyPressed()

      Examples
                
            
            
def draw():
  global value
  
  fill(value)
  if value == 0: 
    value = 255
  else:
    value = 0
    
  square(25, 25, 25)
  
keyPressed(draw)
value = 0
      Description
      The keyPressed() function is called once every time a key is pressed. The keycode for the key that was pressed is stored by the keyCode() function.

      Syntax
      keyPressed()

    • key()

      Examples
                
            
def onKeyPressed():
  background(204)
  text(key(), 25, 25)

keyPressed(onKeyPressed)
      Description
      The return value from the key() function always returns the value of the most recent key on the keyboard that was typed.

      Syntax
      key()

    • keyCode()

      Examples
                
def onKeyPressed():
  background(204)
  text(keyCode(), 25, 25)

keyPressed(onKeyPressed)
      Description
      The function keyCode() is used to detect special keys such as BACK, DELETE, ENTER/RETURN, TAB, ESCAPE, LEFTSHIFT, RIGHTSHIFT, LEFTCTRL, RIGHTCTRL, LEFTALT, RIGHTALT, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT. You can also check for custom keys by looking up the keyCode of any key.

      Syntax
      keyCode()

    Shapes

    • ellipse()

      Examples
                
            
ellipse(45, 45, 50, 80)
      Description
      Draws an ellipse (oval) to the screen. By default, the first two parameters set the location of the center of the ellipse, and the third and fourth parameters set the shape's width and height. If no height is specified, the value of width is used for both the width and height. You are not allowed to use negative values. An ellipse with equal width and height is a circle.

      Syntax
      ellipse(x, y, w, [h])

      Parameters
      x positive number: x-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
      y positive number: y-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
      w positive number: width of the ellipse
      h positive number: height of the ellipse (optional)

    • circle()

      Examples
                
            
circle(45, 45, 50)
      Description
      Draws a circle to the screen. A circle is a simple closed shape. It is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the center. This function is a special case of the ellipse() function, where the width and height of the ellipse are the same. Height and width of the ellipse correspond to the diameter of the circle. By default, the first two parameters set the location of the center of the circle, the third sets the diameter of the circle. You are not allowed to use negative values.

      Syntax
      circle(x, y, d)

      Parameters
      x positive number: x-coordinate of the center of the circle
      y positive number: y-coordinate of the center of the circle
      d positive number: diameter of the center of the circle

    • rect()

      Examples
                
          
rect(45, 45, 50, 65)
      Description
      Draws a rectangle on the canvas. A rectangle is a four-sided closed shape with every angle at ninety degrees. By default, the first two parameters set the location of the upper-left corner, the third sets the width, and the fourth sets the height. You are not allowed to use negative values.

      Syntax
      rect(x, y, w, h)

      Parameters
      x positive number: x-coordinate of the upper left corner of the rectangle
      y positive number: x-coordinate of the upper left corner of the rectangle
      w positive number: width of the rectangle
      h positive number: height of the rectangle

    • square()

      Examples
                
            
square(45, 40.35, 50)
      Description
      Draws a square to the screen. A square is a four-sided shape with every angle at ninety degrees, and equal side size. This function is a special case of the rect() function, where the width and height are the same, and the parameter is called "w" for width. By default, the first two parameters set the location of the upper-left corner, the third sets the side size of the square. You are not allowed to use negative values.

      Syntax
      square(x, y, w)

      Parameters
      x positive number: x-coordinate of the upper left corner of the square
      y positive number: x-coordinate of the upper left corner of the square
      w positive number: width (and height) of the square

    • line()

      Examples
                
            
line(40, 60, 80, 100)
      Description
      Draws a line (a direct path between two points) to the screen.

      Syntax
      line(x1, y1, x2, y2)

      Parameters
      x1 positive number: x-coordinate of the first point of the line
      y1 positive number: y-coordinate of the first point of the line
      x2 positive number: x-coordinate of the second point of the line
      y2 positive number: y-coordinate of the second point of the line

    • triangle()

      Examples
                
            
triangle(20, 10, 80, 80, 100, 10)
      Description
      Draws a triangle to the canvas. A triangle is a plane created by connecting three points. The first two arguments specify the first point, the middle two arguments specify the second point, and the last two arguments specify the third point. You are not allowed to use negative values.

      Syntax
      triangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)

      Parameters
      x1 positive number: x-coordinate of the first point of the triangle
      y1 positive number: y-coordinate of the first point of the triangle
      x2 positive number: x-coordinate of the second point of the triangle
      y2 positive number: y-coordinate of the second point of the triangle
      x3 positive number: x-coordinate of the third point of the triangle
      y3 positive number: y-coordinate of the third point of the triangle

    • image()

      Examples
                
            
path = "http://mana-buch.de/150/cover.png"
image(path)

path = "C:\images\Flappy.png"
image(path, 5, 10)
      Description
      This function requires only three parameters: path, x, and y - where (x, y) is the position of the image.

      Syntax
      image(path, [x], [y])

      Parameters
      path: string with the file path of the image you want to display or internet address
      x (optional): positive number: x-coordinate of the first point of the image
      y (optional): positive number: y-coordinate of the first point of the image

    • point()

      Examples
                
            
point(20, 40)
      Description
      Draws a point, a coordinate in space at the dimension of one pixel. The first parameter is the horizontal value for the point, the second parameter is the vertical value for the point.

      Syntax
      point(x, y)

      Parameters
      x positive number: x-coordinate of the point
      y positive number: y-coordinate of the point

    • arc()

      Examples
                
            
arc(100, 100, 200, 250, 50, 80, 45, True)
      Description
      This function draws an arc on the screen. The first two parameters define the starting point of the arc's ellipse, the third and fourth parameter define the end point of the arc's ellipse. By defining width and height you can form the arc. The angle rotation parameter allows you to tilt the whole arc. You can decide if the arc's ellipse should be drawn clockwise from the start to the end point or not by setting the rotation parameter either true or false.

      Syntax
      arc(x1, y1, x2, y2, w, h, angle rotation, clockwise)

      Parameters
      x1 positive number: x-coordinate of the arc's ellipse start-point
      y1 positive number: y-coordinate of the arc's ellipse start-point
      x2 positive number: x-coordinate of the arc's ellipse end-point
      y2 positive number: y-coordinate of the arc's ellipse end-point
      w positive number: width of the arc's ellipse
      h positive number: height of the arc's ellipse
      angle rotation positive number: tilt of arc's ellipse
      clockwise true/false: determines direction of rotation; true equals clockwise

    • bezier()

      Examples
                
            
bezier(25, 20, 100, 180, 280, 12, 305, 350, True)
      Description
      Draws a cubic bezier curve on the screen. These curves are defined by a series of anchor and control points. The first two parameters specify the anchor point. After that there are three control points defined, which the curve will running trough. The last parameter determines if there will be a line between the first and the last point or not.

      Syntax
      bezier(xStart, yStart, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, isClosed)

      Parameters
      xStart positive number: x-coordinate of the Bezier curve's start-point
      yStart positive number: y-coordinate of the Bezier curve's start-point
      x1 positive number: x-coordinate of first point the Bezier curve is running through
      y1 positive number: y-coordinate of first point the Bezier curve is running through
      x2 positive number: x-coordinate of second point the Bezier curve is running through
      y2 positive number: y-coordinate of second point the Bezier curve is running through
      x3 positive number: x-coordinate of third point the Bezier curve is running through
      y3 positive number: y-coordinate of third point the Bezier curve is running through
      isClosed true/false: determines whether start and last point are connected or not

    • text()

      Examples
                
            
text("Test", 25, 30, 20, 30)
      Description
      Draws text to the screen. Displays the information specified in the first parameter in the screen in the position specified by the x and y parameters. The size of the text field can be influenced by the optional parameters w and h.

      Syntax
      Text(text, x, y, [w], [h])

      Parameters
      text Text that is going to be displayed
      x positive number: x-coordinate of the upper left corner of the text field
      y positive number: y-coordinate of the upper left corner of the text field
      w positive number: width of the text field; influences text alignment (optional)
      h positive number: height of the text field (optional)

    Settings

    • background()

      Examples 
                	
color = random(0, 255)
background(color)
      Description
      The background() function sets the color used for the background of the window. The default background is white. Background resets all settings (Stroke color and width, textFont etc.). The default color space is RGB, with each value in the range from 0 to 255. The alpha range by default is also 0 to 255. If a single string argument is provided, RGB and RGBA color strings and all named color strings are supported. In this case, an alpha number value as a second argument is not supported, the RGBA form should be used.

      Syntax
      background(value)
      background(x1, x2, x3)
      background(x1, x2, x3, alpha)
      background(colorString)

      Parameters
      value: any value between 0 and 255
      x1 number: red value (depending on the current color mode)
      x2 number: green value (depending on the current color mode)
      x3 number: blue value (depending on the current color mode)
      alpha number: opacity of the background relative to current color range (default is 0-255) (Optional)
      colorString: colorString e.g. "Red", "Yellow", "LightGray"

    • fill()

      Examples
       
fill(51)
rect(50,50,60,60)
      Description
      Sets the color used to fill shapes. For example, if you run fill(204, 102, 0), all shapes drawn after the fill command will be filled with the color "Orange". The default color space is RGB, with each value in the range from 0 to 255. The alpha range by default is also 0 to 255. If a single string argument is provided, RGB and RGBA color strings and all named color strings are supported. In this case, an alpha number value as a second argument is not supported, the RGBA form should be used.

      Syntax
      Fill(value)
      fill(x1, x2, x3)
      fill(x1, x2, x3, alpha)
      fill(gray value, alpha)
      fill(colorString)

      Parameters
      value: any value between 0 and 255
      x1 Number: red value relative to the current color range
      x2 Number: green value relative to the current color range
      x3 Number: blue value relative to the current color range
      alpha number: (Optional)
      gray number: a gray value
      colorString: color string e.g. "Red", "Gray", "Blue", "Orange"

    • noFill()

      Examples
       
noFill()
rect(50,50,60,60)
      Description
      Disables filling geometry. If both noStroke() and noFill() are called, nothing will be drawn to the screen.

      Syntax
      noFill()

    • stroke()

      Examples
       
strokeWeight(4)
stroke(51)
rect(100, 100, 60, 60)
      Description
      Sets the color used to draw lines and borders around shapes. The default color space is RGB, with each value in the range from 0 to 255. The alpha range by default is also 0 to 255. If a single string argument is provided, RGB and RGBA color strings and all named color strings are supported. In this case, an alpha number value as a second argument is not supported, the RGBA form should be used.

      Syntax
      stroke(value)
      stroke(x1, x2, x3)
      stroke(x1, x2, x3, alpha)
      stroke(gray value, alpha)
      stroke(colorString)

      Parameters
      value: any value between 0 and 255
      x1 Number: red value relative to the current color range
      x2 Number: green value relative to the current color range
      x3 Number: blue value relative to the current color range
      alpha number: (Optional)
      gray number: a gray value
      colorString: color string e.g. "Red", "Yellow", "DarkGreen", "LightGreen"

    • noStroke()

      Examples
       
fill("LightBlue")
noStroke()
rect(50, 50, 60, 60)
      Description
      Disables drawing the stroke (outline). If both noStroke() and noFill() are called, nothing will be drawn to the screen.

      Syntax
      noStroke()

    • textSize()

      Examples
       
textSize(13)
text("Font Size 13", 10, 30)
textSize(15)
text("Font Size 15", 10, 60)
textSize(17)
text("Font Size 17", 10, 90)
      Description
      Sets/gets the current font size. This size will be used in all subsequent calls to the text() function. Font size is measured in pixels.

      Syntax
      textSize(size)

      Parameters
      size number: the size of the letters in units of pixels

    • textFont()

      Examples
       
textSize(22)
textFont("Georgia")
text("Georgia", 12, 30)
textFont("Helvetica")
text("Helvetica", 12, 60)
      Description
      Sets the current font that will be drawn with the text() function.

      Syntax
      textFont(textFont)

      Parameters
      string textFont: the font

    • textColor()

      Examples
       
textColor("Red")
text("Text Color", 10, 30)
      Description
      The textColor() function changes the text color of the written text.

      Syntax
      textColor(value)
      textColor(x1, x2, x3)
      textColor(x1, x2, x3, alpha)
      textColor(colorString)

      Parameters
      value: any value between 0 and 255
      x1 number: red value (depending on the current color mode)
      x2 number: green value (depending on the current color mode)
      x3 number: blue value (depending on the current color mode)
      alpha number: opacity of the background relative to current color range (default is 0-255) (Optional)
      colorString: colorString e.g. "Red"

      • Transform

      • rotate()

        Examples 
        
def draw():
	background(128)

	translate(2,2)
	rotate(radians(0.45))
	rect(width()/2, height()/2, 50, 50)

timer(draw)
        Description
        Rotates a shape by the amount specified by the angle parameter. Objects are always rotated around their relative position to the origin and positive numbers rotate objects in a clockwise direction. Transformations apply to everything that happens after and subsequent calls to the function accumulates the effect.

        Syntax
        rotate(angle)

        Parameters
        angle number: the angle of rotation, specified degrees

      • translate()

        Examples
         
rect(40, 40, 55, 55)
translate(30, 20)
rect(50, 50, 55, 55)
translate(14, 14)
rect(60, 60, 55, 55)
        
def draw():
	rectangle.Translate(1, 1)
	
timer(draw)
rectangle = rect(0, 0, 55, 55)
      Description
      Specifies an amount to displace objects within the display window. The x parameter specifies left/right translation, the y parameter specifies up/down translation. The new objects will be drawing at new 0,0. It is possible that the objects will overlap.

      Syntax
      translate(x, y)

      Parameters
      x number: left/right translation
      y number: up/down translation

      Attributes

      • strokeWeight()

        Examples 
        
strokeWeight(1)
line(20, 20, 80, 20)
strokeWeight(4)
line(20, 40, 80, 40)
strokeWeight(10)
line(20, 70, 80, 70)
        Description
        Sets the width of the stroke used for lines, points and the border around shapes. All widths are set in units of pixels. Note that it is affected by any transformation or scaling that has been applied previously.

        Syntax
        strokeWeight(weight)

        Parameters
        weight number: the weight of the stroke (in pixels)

      • strokeCap()

        Examples 
        
strokeWeight(12)

strokeCap(FLAT)
line(20, 10, 80, 10)
strokeCap(SQUARE)
line(20, 30, 80, 30)
strokeCap(ROUND)
line(20, 50, 80, 50)
strokeCap(TRIANGLE)
line(20, 70, 80, 70)
        Description
        Sets the style for rendering line endings. These ends are either rounded, squared or extended, each of which specified with the corresponding parameters: FLAT, SQUARE, ROUND, TRIANGLE.

        Syntax
        strokeCap(cap)

        Parameters
        cap: FLAT, SQUARE, ROUND, TRIANGLE

      • ellipseMode()

        Examples 
        
ellipseMode(CORNER)
fill(255)
ellipse(15, 15, 30, 30)
        Description
        Modifies the location from which ellipses are drawn by changing the way in which parameters given to ellipse(), circle() are interpreted. The default mode is center, in which the first two parameters are interpreted as the shape's center point's x and y coordinates respectively, while the third and fourth parameters are its width and height. ellipseMode(CORNER) interprets the first two parameters as the upper-left corner of the shape, while the third and fourth parameters are its width and height.

        Syntax
        ellipseMode(mode)

        Parameters
        mode: CENTER or CORNER

      • rectMode()

        Examples 
        
rectMode(CORNER)
fill(255)
rect(25,25,50,50)
        Description
        Modifies the location from which rectangles are drawn by changing the way in which parameters given to rect() are interpreted. The default mode is CORNER, which interprets the first two parameters as the upper-left corner of the shape, while the third and fourth parameters are its width and height. rectMode(CORNER) interprets the first two parameters as the location of one of the corners, and the third and fourth parameters as the location of the diagonally opposite corner. Note, the rectangle is drawn between the coordinates, so it is not necessary that the first corner be the upper left corner. rectMode(CENTER) interprets the first two parameters as the shape's center point, while the third and fourth parameters are its width and height.

        Syntax
        rectMode(mode)

        Parameters
        mode: CORNER or CENTER

        • Misc

        • print()

          Examples 
          

print("Hello World")
          Description
          The print() function writes to the console area. This function is often helpful for looking at the data a program is producing. Each call to this function creates a new line of output.

          Syntax
          print()

       This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Concept and ideas from Processing, initiated by Ben Fry and Casey Reas.